1.
Sequence Analysis Of Mitochondrial Atpase 8/6 Gene Variants In Equine
by Kashif Hameed Anjum (2012-VA-905) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Mr.Maryam Javed | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Human has been using horses for doing different jobs like transportation, hunts, carrying loads, warfare and sports (Zhang et al. 2012). In Pakistan, horses and donkeys are mostly used for transportation whilehorses are also used for racing and playing games like polo.There are two main types of horses:Equuscaballusare domesticated horses and Equusferus are the wild horses. There are more than 300 breeds of horses in the world today (Barbara and Dafydd, 2007). The horse population is estimated as 0.32 million and has been decreasing over the years in Pakistan. Main breeds of horses that are found all over the Pakistan are Kajlan, Kakka, Balochi, Morna, Shien, Anmol, Makra, Pak-thoroughbred,Heerzaiand Waziri (Khan, 2004).
Seventy percent of the population earns living from the land. Agriculture contributes nearly 21% to gross domestic product and generates 43% of all jobs. Over 30 million people in rural areas derive their livelihood from livestock production. The number of impoverished communities moving from the country to find work in Pakistan’s towns and cities is rising. Many of these people rely on working equine animals to earn a living.
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are frequently used in animal genetic research. Nuclear genomeis generally a huge and complicated molecule and is not well studied in many species. However mitochondrial DNA being small sized and having high mutation rate is used frequently for the purpose of genetic research (Stanley et al. 1994). Characteristic of having fast evolution rate as compared to nuclear DNA makes mitochondrial genes a good tool for genetic studies (Avise, 1994).
Several studies have investigated the genetic relationship among horse and donkey breeds using mitochondrial sequences as a marker for breed characterization and phylogenetic. Each mitochondrion contains its own circular DNA, replication, transcription and translation machinery and serves as semi-autonomous organelle. Mitochondria perform so many important functions in our body like metabolism(oxidative phosphorylation), apoptosis and aging(Weinberg, 2007).
The advent ofpolymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing techniques with the use of mtDNA as a phylogenetic marker has been extended to much greater levels of phylogenetic inclusiveness (Zardoya and Meyer,1996). The special features of mtDNAi-e,lack of introns, maternal inheritance, absence of recombination events and haploidy have made it the most common type of sequence information used to estimate phylogenies among both closely and distantly related texa(Meyer, 1993).
Four of the five mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, namely C1, C3, C4 and C5 (ATP synthase) contain subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (Kadenbach, 2012). ATP synthase (Complex5) functions to make ATP that is used by the cell (Von et al. 2009). ATP synthasecomprisesan integral membrane cylindrical, the F0 particle and a peripheral matrix-facing F1 particle, the catalytic ATP synthase domain (Boyer, 1997). All aerobically respiring organisms possess ATP synthase enzymes and are located inthe cell membrane in prokaryotes, the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes and the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (Ackerman and Tzagoloff, 2005). This enzyme is responsible for the final step of oxidative phosphorylation. The protons move down their concentration gradient from inter membrane space to matrix through F0 particle while F1particleuses the energy provided by influx of these protons and converts ADP molecule into ATP. ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 proteins are components of F0 particle where they play direct role in maintaining the structure and function of ATP synthase (complex 5). All five subunits of F1 and most of the F0 subunits are nuclear encoded(Collinson et al. 1996). Only two proteins i-e, ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 are encoded by mtDNA (Boyer, 1993).
The present study is designed to investigate the diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Thoroughbred Pakistani horse and donkey breeds on the basis of ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 genes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2236-T] (1).
2.
Mutation Analysis Of Alpha-Synuclein Gene In Patients With Parkinson Disease
by Iffat Aleem (2009-VA-566) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Ms. Huma Mujahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Parkinson disease is a complex, heterogeneous and chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of greater than one per thousand, caused by neuronal loss, mainly affecting dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Parkinson disease is an idiopathic disorder of the extra pyramidal system characterized by tremors. Genetic factors contribute to its complex pathogenesis. A functional repeat polymorphism in the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene promoter conveys susceptibility for Parkinson disease. The α-synuclein (SNCA) has been implicated in rare autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson disease. The mutations in α-synuclein were associated with severe disease progression and a typical physical signs, indicative of neuro degeneration extending beyond the substantia nigra. Mutation in α-synuclein gene may have association with dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson disease. Blood samples were collected from Parkinson disease patients. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were designed using Primer3 software. Amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of identified polymorphism has been done by CHROMAS software. Sequences were aligned by BLAST tool of NCBI. The results of analysis showed that no mutation found in exonic region of α-synuclein (SNCA) gene in Pakistani individuals selected for this study. Any change in exonic region of α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a rare cause of sporadic and familial Parkinson disease in different populations. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2325-T] (1).
3.
Polymorphism Of The Slc11a1 Gene Associated With Resistance To Bovine Tuberculosis.
by Qamar Raza Qadri (2009-VA-569) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Tahir Yaqoob | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a health threat to
livestock. Information on genetic resistance or susceptibility because of polymorphisms of
candidate genes could be used in making selection decisions. Solute carrier family 11 (protoncoupled
divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 gene (SLC11A1), is a known candidate gene
which is associated with natural resistance to infection by Mycobaterium spp in buffalo.
Polymorphism in this gene can be studied for breeding disease resistance animals. Blood samples
were collected from Nili Ravi buffalo breed of Pakistan. DNA was extracted by organic method.
Primers were designed using Primer3 software. Amplification of gene was done by Polymerase
Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic
analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of
identified polymorphism has been done by CHROMAS software. Sequences were aligned by
BLAST tool of NCBI. The results of analysis showed that no polymorphisms were identified in
exonic region of gene. This might be due to less sample size. Genetics play important role in
fighting against pathogens. Identifying the genes involved can lead to marker-assisted selection
strategies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2332-T] (1).
4.
Mutation Anlysis Of DTNBP1 Gene In Pakistani Patients With Schizophrenia Disorder
by Hafiza Sidrah Yasin (2013-VA-11) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Schizophrenia (SCZ) disorder is a mental complex, heterogeneous and chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of 1%. SCZ is an idiopathic disorder of the cortex and hippocampus. Environmental as well as genetic factors contribute to its complex pathogenesis. A functional repeat polymorphism in the Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene promoter conveys susceptibility for SCZ disorder. The DTNBP1 has been implicated in rare autosomal dominant forms of SCZ disorder because of mutations associated with severe disease progression and a typical physical signs and symptoms, indicative of neurodegeneration. Mutation in DTNBP1 gene has association with change in dysbindin protein which leads to change in abnormal neurotransmitter trafficking which leads to decrease in neuronal size, brain atrophy and reduced glutamate release in schizophrenia disorder. A systematic approach was applied to proceed the present study in order to identify the single nucleotides polymorphisms in schizophrenic patients. Blood samples (n=40) were collected from schizophrenia disorder patients. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were designed using Primer3 software. The amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of identified polymorphism was done by CHROMAS software. Sequence was aligned by Blast tool of NCBI. Difference between allele and genotype frequency of studied gene was evaluated and analyzed by using “SNPator”. The present study provides information about the susceptibility and genetic basis of the individual towards this disease and identified polymorphisms provides the opportunity to diagnose the disease earlier on the basis of particular SNPs in Pakistani patients. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2382-T] (1).
5.
Polymorphism Study Of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene (Casr)In Calcium Nephrolithiasis Affected Families
by Hafza Ammara (2013-VA-865) | Dr. Muhammad YasirZahoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Huma Mujahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Nephrolithiasis is a multi-factorial kidney stone disease resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors. Calcium-sensing receptorprotien is plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors that regulate secretion of parathyroid hormoneand calcium re-absorption by kidney tubular cells. This protienis able to sense small changes in circulating calcium concentration and, once activated, it inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion and renal tubule calcium re-absorption. The CaSR gene protein islocated on chromosome 3q13 is one of the candidate gene explaining individual predispositions to calcium nephrolithiasis. CaSR gene is a predecessor for nephrolithiasis due to its role in calcium re-absorption. CaSRgene has seven exons and several mutations have been reported globally related to calcium nephrolithiasis.
Twenty families affected with calcium nephrolithiasis having at least two affected individuals have been enrolled for this study. Ten families have already been analyzed for exon 3 & 4 in the laboratory. DNA has been extracted through inorganic extraction method from the blood of newly enrolled families. Primers have been designed for exon 5, 6 and 7 through Primer3 software. These exons have been sequenced using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Perkin Elmer/ABI) and have been read in an automated sequencer, ABI Prism model 3730 (Perkin Elmer).
We also screend the coding exon of CLDN14 genewhich is a membrane protein that regulates paracellular passage of ions and small solutesat epithelial tight junction.The overexpression of claudin-14 in the thick ascending limb of loop of henleof the kidney generates a renal phenotype characteristic with hypomagnesemiaand hypercalciuria that leads to the development of calcium nephrolithiasis.
All of the sequences have been evaluated by using Clustal-W programs, Chromas and Bioedit software for mutational analysis.Sequence analysis of CaSR gene revealed one novel splice mutationC>G at position 63722 at exon 5 in one affected family.This variation is found in the intronic region of the gene.We found one missense mutation Q536R at exon six in three different affected families. And one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C>G found at exon 7at rs2036400 in six different affected families.These SNPs showsa significant association of CaSRgene with nephrolithiasis. It will help to determine the risk factor and role of CaSR gene in inheritance of calcium nephrolithiasis. And it will also be used for genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2426-T] (1).
6.
Nucleotide Sequence Variation In Heat Shock Protein 70-1 Gene Of Capra Aegagrus Blythi
by Fehmeeda Fatima (2014-VA-775) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) plays a vital role in survival of an organism by providing
cytoprotection against various kinds of stresses. Among all the HSPs present in the cell, the
ubiquitous HSP 70 proteins are the most abundant and temperature sensitive. Considering the
importance of HSP70-1 gene in conferring thermotolerance, present study has been designed to
characterize this gene in Sindh ibex which is a wild goat species of Pakistan. The
characterization of HSP70 gene might be helpful for deriving phylogenetic relationship among
different species and identifying new functions among the related species. Blood/meat samples
(n=25) were collected from Kirthar national park, Sindh. Standard DNA extraction method was
used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed by Primer3 software and amplification of
gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally by
Big DyeTM Terminator on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. Multiple sequence alignment was
performed for polymorphism identification. Genetic diversity was calculated by using DnaSP
v.5.0. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA v.6.0 software package was performed and
neighbor joining and UPGM trees were constructed. The results indicated that Sindh ibex
HSP70.1 gene was highly similar to of domestic goat, sheep, cattle, buffalo, camel and horse
which indicates their origin from a common ancestor. The results of this data might be helpful in
designing effective conservation strategies for Sindh ibex. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2524-T] (1).
7.
Molecular Exploration Of Zinc Finger Bed-Type Containing 6 Gene For Growth Trait In Beetal Goat
by Kanwal Rashid (2014-VA-496) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), is a novel transcription factor.It acts as a repressor of IGF2 transcription in skeletal muscle myogenesis and development. it is mainly involved in organism development, signaling, cell to cell interaction, hepatic fibrosis, clathrin mediated endocytosis and tight junction signaling cascades. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing using C2C12 cells identified about 2,500 ZBED6 binding sites in the genome, and the deduced consensus motif gave a perfect match with the established binding site in Igf2. Silencing of Zbed6 in myoblast cells affect Igf2 expression, cell proliferation, wound healing, and myotube formation. Genes associated with ZBED6 binding sites showed a highly significant enrichment for certain Gene Ontology classifications, including development and transcriptional regulation.Functional and signaling assays of BED6 gene indicate its probable role in controlling growth traits in Goat. Blood samples (n = 40) were collected. Inorganic method of DNA extraction used. Primers for PCR amplification will be designed using Primer3 software. PCR products will be sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. The results of sequencing were analyzed using CHROMAS software. Sequence alignment tools (blast 2)were used for SNPs identification. Difference between allele and genotype frequency of studied gene evaluated by chi square test, likelihood test and analysis was done by POPGENE and one way ANOVA.Novel Variations identified which have probable implementation in selection of superior goats with higher tendencies towards weight gain. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2554-T] (1).
8.
Molecular Phylogeny And Diversity Analysis Of Bovidae (Boselaphus Tragocamelus, Antilope Cervicapra) And Cervidae (Axis Axis, Axis Porcinus) In Pakistan
by Ghulam Abbas (2011-VA-748) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Mansoor Ellahi Babar | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Many species of mammals have declined within the past two centuries due to human
caused disturbances and the unsustainable use of natural resources. Molecular methods have an
important role in phylogeny and diversity analysis. The present study was designed for diversity
analysis of Boselaphus tragocamelus & Antelope cervicapra (Bovidae) and Axis axis & Axis
porcinus (Cervidae) family in Pakistan. A total of 25 samples from each of the four species were
collected from different parks, zoos and natural habitats. DNA was extracted, PCR primers were
designed and cytochrome-b, cytochrome-c gene and d-loop regions were amplified by PCR.
PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally by Big DyeTM Terminator. Bioinformatics tools,
Blast 2 sequences, Clustal-W, MEGA-6, Bioconductor in “R” were applied for analysis. The
clustering of the samples indicates that each species contains less within-population genetic
variability. Same pattern was observed when sequence of three genes was combined and MDS
plot was constructed. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences revealed that each species
comprised a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of other species of deer
selected for this study. Finding of this study indicated that these species of deer have significant
genetic variations among-species that differentiate them from each other. This is the first report
from our region. The information of selected species of deer is prerequisite for designing
effective strategy in future conservation practices. However further genomic investigations
should be carried out at larger scale. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2560-T] (1).
9.
Molecular Investigation Of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia And Its Evolutionary Relationship With Pan Troglodytes
by Rida Zainab (2014-VA-808) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) phenotype is related to improper metabolism of low density lipoproteins due to mutations in Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene with increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Genetic variants in LDLR gene are associated with defective catabolism of cholesterol effecting lipid metabolism which results in familial hypercholesterolemia. It occurs in both forms: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Patients having high cholesterol were identified by observing the values of their serum lipid profile test reports. Their detailed history was taken and blood samples from the identified patients of familial hypercholesterolemia were collected. DNA extraction was done by Organic method. Primers were synthesized and PCR was conducted using optimized recipe and conditions. PCR products were sequenced.
Sequenced data was analyzed using Chromas or BioEdit software. BLAST was performed and sequences were aligned individually by comparing it to the reference sequence. This showed difference in any specific position of a mutated sequence against the reference sequence. CLUSTALW aligned all the sequences together in one time. Sequences were compared with reference sequence to detect the presence of any mutation or SNPs.
SNPs were identified manually and the peaks were observed in order to determine if the genotype is heterozygous or homozygous. Statistical Analysis was done and any amino acid change due to the observed SNPs was determined by using Expasy Translate Tool. It was found that both the SNPs showed amino acid changes. In the end, homology analysis was done which showed that Homo sapiens had their LDLR gene closest to that of Gorilla gorilla gorilla. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2551-T] (1).
10.
Sequence Analysis Of Mitochondrial Atpase 8/6 Gene Variants In Sindh Ibex (Capra Aegagrus Blythi)
by Javeria Zafar (2014-VA-222) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: ATPase 8/6 gene plays a vital role in survival of an organism by generating energy in the form of ATP synthase. Considering the importance of ATPase8/6 gene in energy generating, present study has been designed to characterize this gene in Sindh ibex. The characterization of ATPase8/6 gene might be helpful for deriving phylogenetic relationship among different species and identifying new functions among the related species. Tissue/blood samples (n=15) were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh. Standard DNA extraction method was used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed by Primer3 software and amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally by Big Dye TM Terminator on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. Multiple sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. Genetic diversity was calculated by using DNAsp. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA6 software package and an equally weighted maximum parsimony analysis was performed using the close-neighbor-interchange algorithm. The results indicated that Sindh ibex ATPase8/6 gene was highly similar to Capra caucasica. The results of this data might be helpful in designing effective conservation strategies of different species of wild animal. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2587-T] (1).
11.
Exploration Of Genetic Polymorphisms And Differential Expression Analysis Of Bovine Alpha-Lactalbumin And Osteopontin Genes Involved In Milk Composition
by Sidra Manzoor (2010-VA-92) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Muhammad Imran | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Economically important traits of dairy animals are usually controlled by a large number of genes. The identification of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in potential genes has been associated with economically important traits. During lactation, mammary epithelial cells produced large amounts of specific milk proteins. Due to the expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localization, LALBA and SPP1 genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk composition in buffalo. Alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) gene has been reported to be highly transcribed in transition and peak phase while late lactation exhibited its decline with progressive rise in SPP1 expression. This project was designed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism that influencing the gene expression thus modulates the milk protein content in Nili Ravi. Samples of unrelated Nili-Ravi buffalo were collected from two Government, Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, and Livestock Production and Research Institute (LPRI) Bahadarnagar Okara, livestock farms. Milk samples were collected at 15, 90 and 250 days lactation for expression analysis. The genomic DNA was extracted by using the standard Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) protocol. Specific set of primers was designed for the amplification of the LALBA and SPP1 genes. The amplified PCR products were sequenced for the identification of SNPs. To determine the differential expression of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes, RNA was isolated from milk samples using the TRIzol reagent and converted it into cDNA. Taqman probes were used that are specifically designed to detect and target the DNA sequence. Five intronic polym orphic sites were identified in LALBA while exonic regions exhibited a complete homology with reference sequence. Additionally, eleven polymorphisms were identified in bovine SPP1 gene, six were in coding region and five were
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found in intronic portion of the gene. The analysis and correlation of all identified polymorphism was done by using SNPs data analysis software “SNPator”. Results obtained from expression study was stored in in-build software of Real Time PCR and Cycle threshold (Ct) values of LALBA and SPP1 mRNA were compared in individuals of Nili-Ravi buffalo to determine the variation in expression levels. The LALBA gene expression was observed highest in transition phase with a gradual decrease of expression in mid and late lactation. The sample, NR-5, was observed highly expressed (79.30) while NR-2 with low expression (19.28) for alpha lactalbumin in early lactation. The change in LALBA regulation at same stage was considered due to genetic variation of the respective animal. While the SPP1 gene expression was observed with the highest values in peak lactation and remains elevated in late lactation. NR-4 has the highest (72.27) expression among all mastitis free healthy animals while NR-2 was observed with low expression. Thus, the identified SNPs might be used as genetic marker for milk production traits. Gene expression patterns may also help us to understand the molecular mechanisms of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes influencing milk composition. However, the expression of both genes was considered in a correlation with other genes involved in milk production pathway. Also, the mutational effects of other milk proteins might be involved in determining the expression pattern of both genes in selected animals. Therefore, further studies are likely to explore the regulation of milk protein genes and their translational efficiency during the course of lactation in dairy animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2830-T] (1).
12.
Study Of Arginine Vasopressin (Avp) As A Candidate Gene For Evaluating Silent Estrus Behavior In Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Muhammad Danish Ahmad (2011-VA-464) | Dr.Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr.Muhammad Zubair Shabir.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Buffalo is a major contributing animal in livestock and in Pakistan as an agrarian country its economy. Nili- Ravi buffalo also known as “Black Gold of Pakistan” has a high potential of productivity. But its production is often effected by certain reproductive disorders, out of which silent estrus behavior act as a major limiting factor for its production, as it is difficult to proper diagnose of silent estrus it result in low fertility and ultimately yield as low productivity in buffalo. There are a number of reasons involve in silent estrus behavior such as nutrition, environment and genetics. Estrus is a polygenic trait and according to a report about 269 genes are involve in estrus. One of the major effecting gene on estrus is Arginine Vasopressin (AVP), produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary lobe. Along with a number of role in body it influences the Social behavior neural network, located in limbic system and produce the responses like sexual arousal, partner pairing, mating process and social dominancy. So the AVP accounted as a potential candidate gene for study the silent estrus behavior in Nili-Ravi buffalo. The basic aim to conduct the present study was to identify the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in exonic region of AVP gene and find their association to the silent estrus trait. Fifty samples in blood form of Nili-Ravi Buffalo was taken from B-block research forms UVAS, Ravi campus and Buffalo Research Institute (BRI) Pattoki. DNA was extracted using Phenol Chloroform Iso-amyl alcohol (PCI) based method, then DNA was subjected to PCR amplification, Product was precipitated and sequenced for genetic analysis. To identify the SNPs in obtained sequence the Bioinformatics tools such as BLAST and CHROMAS were applied. The three exonic regions of AVP gene were amplified using site specific primer sets. A total of 6
Summary
58
polymorphic sites were identified, those all were present in exon 1. The bioinformatics analysis using PopGene32 software was performed to analyze the association of identified SNPs to the Silent Estrus Behavior. SNP were analyzed for their effect on trait and one SNP in exon-1 was analyzed for its effect on subjected trait. This genetic characterization of AVP gene may serve as the genetic source for the development of DNA based markers for used in selection of animals with better estrus trait in studies, research and commercial purposes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2871-T] (1).
13.
A Thesis Submitted In The Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree
by Ayesha Saddiqa (2011-VA-367) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: AIDS epidemic is increasing rapidly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Quoting fresh authorized figures collected by the Punjab health department were 97,000 to 125,000 HIV positive people in Pakistan. Number of patients with HIV/AIDS rapidly increased in Punjab. 310 HIV/AIDS cases (35 women and 13 children) have been stated in Punjab in 2014. CCR5 gene is associated HIV infection. Mutation in this gene delayed the progression towards AIDS. In this study blood samples were collected from the laboratory of Punjab Aids Control Program (PACP), primary and secondary health care department, Government of Punjab. Genomic DNA was extracted by using the using FavorPrepTM Blood/Cultured Cell Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit. Specific set of primers were designed for the amplification of the targeted gene. The amplified PCR products were precipitated and sequenced for the identification of polymorphisms. Bidirectional sequencing was done for result confirmation. Alignments of sequences were done with the help of NCBI BLAST. Chromas software, Clustal W, UCSC, Bio Edit and SNPedia and Mega 6.0 was used to compile this study. CCR5 32 base pairs allele deletion was found absent in all HIV positive and negative individuals. So, susceptibility of human immuno-deficiency virus type one infection is high in Pakistani population. Genomic comparison was done with non-human primates. Alignment result showed human CCR5 gene homology, 95%, 99%, 94% and 94% with Maccaca mulata (Rhesus Monkey), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), Cercocebus atys (sooty mangabey) and Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) respectively. So, this homology analysis showed that these non-human primates can be used for development of therapeutic strategies related to human immune deficiency virus. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2872-T] (1).
14.
Association Of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene Polymorphisms With Risk Of Depression In Homo Sapiens And Equus Caballus
by Sher Sarmad (2015-VA-1062) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Prof. Dr. TahirYaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: In the biosynthetic pathway for brain serotonin, Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) acts as the rate-limiting enzyme. It is a key element in maintaining adequate serotonin neurotransmission in the central neuron system (CNS). It is broadly discussed as an important candidate gene in multiple psychiatric disorders, especially suicidal behavior and depression. A relationship between TPH2 and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been reported by multiple gene-disease association studies in different populations. Horse can be employed as a valuable candidate for an animal model of depression because it shares environmental factors which are known to cause depression in humans.The hypothesis of this study was that, there is association between TPH2 gene polymorphisms and risk of developing MDD.Blood was collected from each participant.Human (Experimental and Control group) and Horse (Experimental and Control group).DNA wasextracted usingthe standard Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) protocol. Specific set of primers were designed for the amplification of TPH2 gene exons and partial region of the introns. The amplified PCR products was precipitated and sequenced for the identification of variants. For sequence data analysis Chromas Software(2.1) was used along with BLAST available at NCBI and Clustal W program. Multiple alignments were performed for polymorphism identification and association of identified polymorphisms was performed using SPSS.The significant association of the variant rs7305155 with Major Depressive Disorder indicates that TPH2 has a role in disease etiology.Understanding the extent of the role different genes play in MDDmay help in tailoring medication. “Gene-Response to drug” association studies have also shown that patients with certain polymorphisms might respond better to certain class of drugs. It is useful to know which variants are prevalent in our population. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2939-T] (1).
